Citizens of the United States have celebrated Independence Day and Presidents&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8217; Day since the 1870s, and in 2005, the nation began to celebrate Constitution Day. Also know as Citizenship Day, Constitution Day is an American holiday honoring the day 39 delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the United States Constitution. This historic date was September 17, 1787.

In 1939, the New York City news tycoon William Randolph Hearst suggested the creation of a holiday to celebrate American citizenship. Not only did Hearst have a wide readership of his many daily newspapers, but he had significant political connections, and in 1940, Congress designated the third Sunday in May as &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;I am an American Day.&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; President Harry Truman present the resolution, setting aside this date in honor of the American people, especially those who had recently become citizens of the United States.

The holiday quickly gained support and popularity through the efforts of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service. Additionally, in 1944, Hearst sponsored a 16 minute film titled I Am an American, which was featured in American theaters, and subsequently became a top news story. It was an immediate hit. Within 5 years, the governors of the existing forty-eight states had issued state proclamations in agreement with the national holiday.

One of the most significant individuals in the development of the holiday was a Louisville, Ohio resident named Olga T. Weber. In 1952, she petitioned the leaders of the municipality to change the date of the holiday to correspond with the anniversary of the signing of the United States Constitution. Once they agreed to it, she didn&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8217;t stop there, and took her requests to the State, who also approved. In 1953, Olga went to United States Congress, and both the Senate and the House of Representatives approved her requests. The original resolution was overturned and a new law took its place. After Dwight D. Eisenhower signed it, the &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;I am an American Day&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; observation became &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;Citizenship Day&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; and moved to September 17.

Louisville, Ohio was the first city in the United States to celebrate Citizenship Day on September 17, 1952.

Another important figure in the creation of Constitution Day is Louise Leigh. Leigh, after taking a course in Constitutional History with the National Center for Constitutional Studies, was inspired to spread her newfound love of the Constitution throughout the country. In 1997, she founded a nonprofit organization called Constitution Day, Inc. to help encourage recognition of the importance of this national holiday.

Through her efforts,  became an official holiday alongside Citizenship Day in 2004 when, with the help of support from Senator Robert Byrd, the &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;Constitution Day&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; amendment to the Omnibus Spending Bill passed. In May 2005, the United States Department of Education backed the law when it announced that it would apply to any school receiving federal funds of any kind.

The two allowances of the law were that the head of every federal agency provide each employee with educational materials concerning the Constitution on 17th of September and that each educational institution which receives Federal funds should hold a program for students every Constitution Day.

The Constitution

Constitution Day, along with Independence Day and Presidents&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8217; Day, is an important part of the cultural heritage of the United States of America, because it recognizes the value of the American experiment, and the success of a nation of free people whose rights and liberties are protected by a written Constitution.

The Constitution consists of a preamble, seven original articles, twenty-seven amendments, and a paragraph certifying its enactment by the constitutional convention.

The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the United States. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of the United States of America and the Federal Government of the United States. It provides the framework for the organization of the United States Government and for the relationship of the Federal government to the States, to citizens, and to all people within the United States.

The Constitution defines the three main branches of government: a legislature, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate; an executive branch led by the President; and a judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution outlines the powers and duties of each branch.

The United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787, 224 years ago, by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and ratified by conventions in each U.S. state in the name of &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;The People&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221;. The Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights.

The United States Constitution is the shortest and oldest written constitution in the world.

The Constitution has a central place in United States law and political culture. The handwritten, original document is on display at the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C.

Articles of the Constitution

The Constitution consists of a preamble, seven original articles, twenty-seven amendments, and a paragraph certifying its enactment by the constitutional convention.

Preamble: Statement of purpose

The Preamble states:

&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, ensure domestic Tranquility, provide for the Common Defense, promote the General Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221;

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This month&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8217;s Title IX Corner focuses on the fundamentals of a relationship.  Relationships require open, honest and safe communication.  This includes making sure you both understand each other���s needs and expectations.  That means you have to talk to each other!  Here are a few tips regarding maintaining  a healthy relationship:

1. Speak Up.

   
   In a healthy relationship, talk about bothers and worries instead of holding them in.  A majority of fights erupt due to miscommunication or a lack of communication.  Opening up comprises a key element in problem-solving.  Make sure that your partner knows what and how you think.  Additionally, communication is a two-way street.  If you can���t talk about your problems, then it could lead to a lot of repressed emotions that will eventually come out at some point. Don���t leave them in the dark.

2. Respect Each Other.

   Your partner���s wishes and feelings have value, and so do yours. Let your significant other know you make an effort to keep their ideas in mind. Maintaining healthy relationships require mutual respect.  Even if you may not agree with your partner���s views on a certain topic, that doesn���t mean you should make them feel bad about it. You don���t have to agree on everything, but you do have to respect their opinions and feelings as free-thinking individuals.

3. Compromise.

   Disagreements are a natural part of healthy relationships, but it���s important that you find a way to compromise if you disagree on something. Try to solve conflicts in a fair and rational way.   Healthy relationships learn from their conflicts and resolve their conflicts in ways that work for each partner. Healthy partners listen to each other���s points of view and do not get stuck in having to be right or having to win. Conflict can provide fertile ground for learning when each partner���s intent is to learn, rather than to control or avoid being controlled.  The basis of a healthy relationship is when each partner maintains an open intent to learn about loving themselves and each other, rather than being intent on protecting/avoiding/controlling. It is the intent to learn about love that leads to being able to take personal responsibility for your own feelings.

4. 
   

   Be Supportive.

   Offer reassurance and encouragement to each other. Also, let your partner know when you need their support. Healthy relationships build each other up, not put each other down. In healthy relationships, partners trust each other to not deliberately hurt each other. They support each other in what brings each person joy, and they feel joy in witnessing each other���s joy. Healthy partners, instead of being threatened by each other���s success or joy, are delighted by it.

5. Respect Each Other���s Privacy.

   Just because you���re in a relationship doesn���t mean you have to share everything and constantly be together. Healthy relationships require space.  Emotional dependency is the opposite of emotional responsibility. While some people enjoy being together all the time, some partners also enjoy being with their own friends or pursuing separate interests. In a healthy relationship, partners support these efforts

(LoveIsRespect.org.)

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Dating violence is more common than many people think. One in three teens in the U.S. will experience physical, sexual or emotional abuse by someone they are in a relationship with before they become adults. And nearly half (43%) of dating college women report experiencing violent and abusive dating behaviors.��Help us spread advocacy during Dating Violence Awareness Month, and stop dating abuse before it starts!

The theme for 2018 is:�����Hands Unite: Do your Part.���

Loveisrespect wants to empower young people to build healthy relationships from the ground up. Your hands are a tool for creation, and they play a role in ending dating abuse. Your hands are made for loving and helping ��� not hurting the ones you love.

Respect Week is February 12th-16th.���� has a National Respect Announcement for helping friends learn about healthy relationships: ���We���d like to remind you that everyone has the right to a healthy and safe relationship free of abuse. And, everyone has a hand in ending dating violence. Love has many definitions, but abuse isn���t one of them! If you or someone you know has a question about a relationship, healthy or unhealthy, visit loveisrespect.org or text ���loveis��� to 22522. We are here for you 24/7/365! Remember, hands unite when it comes to ending dating violence.���

Follow /blog/category/title-ix/feed/loveisrespect��on social media for information and updates to share with your friends and family.

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Title IX Corner: Stalking Prevention Awareness Month

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 3.4 million people over the age of 18 are stalked each year in the United States.  More than 1 in 4 stalking victims reported some form of technology was used, such as e-mail (83%) or instant messaging (35%).  3 in 4 stalking victims are stalked by someone they know.

Warning Signs

Stay alert for warning signs of a stalker.  Indications include:

• repeatedly calling, texting and hanging up,
• following and showing up wherever you are, sending unwanted gifts, letters, cards, or e-mails,
• damaging your home, car, or other property, monitoring your phone calls, computer use, or social network account,
• hacking into your social networking accounts or e-mail, using technology to track where you go,
• driving by or hanging  out at your apartment/residence hall, outside your classroom or at your work,
• threatening to hurt you, your family, friends or pets,
• finding out about you by using public records or online search services,
• hiring private investigators,
• going through your garbage,
• contacting your friends, classmates, family, neighbors, or co-workers,
• and any other actions that control or frighten you.

Victim Advocacy

The prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression is much higher among stalking victims than the general population, especially if the stalking involves being followed or having one���s property destroyed. Student Affairs and your Title IX Coordinator provide support services and resources on campus.

The National Center for Victims of Crime partnered with the U.S. Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women to create the Stalking Resource Center (SRC). Visit their websites for more information.

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Our digital presence and &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;real&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; lives intertwine while institutions determine whether they should review and investigate harmful student behavior.

Pursuant to Department of Education guidance, a school is considered to be on notice of a potential Title IX violation if a responsible school employee knew should have known about the alleged incident of sexual violence. This encompasses direct complaints from a victim as well as indirect notice from a member of the local community, on a social networking site, or from the media.

Despite numerous reported incidents of cyberbullying around the world, we still remain apathetic to them as most only believe that such problems only confine to the children only. However, such statements��prove to be incorrect when cyberbullying actually can come in many different forms and it can even affect adults in both subtle and dramatic manners. The constant taunt and torment caused by irresponsible people can drive others into severe depression and madness.

Top Ways That You Can Use To Stop Social Media Harassment

When you are facing cyberbullying or social media harassment, dealing with it can be very tricky. Some even advocate that one should avoid using the Internet and stay away from it. However, in an age when we constantly eye our cellphones or browse the web, such an approach isolates people. The impractical solution does not address the root of the problem.�� There remain better ways of handling and preventing cyberbulling while enjoying the best of technology.

Responding

When dealing with cyberbullying, the first and most important steps rest in your hands.�� As an example, it is best that you should never respond to anything that the bully said. Besides, you also should not even retaliate by doing the same back to the bullies because it is not just worth the trouble and effort. In addition, retaliation only shows that you are not any better than them. Furthermore, responding in such a way actually aggravates the problem by escalating it further. Most importantly, you must remember that the bullies feed off your direct responses to them. Hence, you must never give them the satisfaction by taking the bait.

Recording & Reporting

When it comes to recording and reporting any details of cyberbullying that involves you and your good name, you must differentiate between being obsessed and relentless. The former��consumes your entire life with paranoia. It is highly recommended for you to adopt the latter approach by reporting every bullying incident in a steady manner; one that does not take too much from your own life. According to the iPrice gadget department, as you record and report to the appropriate authorities (web administrators, police, and other relevant bodies), you are actually deterring these &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;cyber attacks&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; from happening. This should be the correct message that you want to send the bullies.

詁梭棗釵域勳紳眶泭

This is another crucial step so that you do not have to be bothered by such nonsensical messages that are being uploaded by the offending users. In order to prevent communication from the bullies, you just need to block their email addresses, mobile numbers, and even social media accounts. When you have done that, you will definitely feel relief as you have severed the link.

Express & Extinguish

When you encounter an incident of cyberbullying, talk to your close friends or family.�� Express your feelings to them. Moreover, talking to other victims of cyber bullying also gives the kind of support that you need. In fact, it feels good when it takes a huge weight off your own shoulders. Just let go and enjoy life in a way that you should.

Perspective

No matter what age, nasty comments��hurt in ways unimaginable.�� In many cases, these bullies&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8217; warped versions of their own insecurities drive��their actions.�� They��channel their negativity by uploading them to the Internet.�� Beyond internet interactions lies a bigger world, and you can learn this childish behavior is laughable.

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Title IX Corner: Alcohol Abuse Awareness Month

Alcohol Awareness Month provides��an opportunity to increase awareness and understanding of alcoholism, its causes, effective treatment, and recovery. This helps decrease the stigma��surrounding treatment and recovery.�� This makes seeking help more readily available to those who suffer from this disease.

Facts About Alcohol:

• 88,000 deaths are annually attributed to excessive alcohol use
• Alcoholism is the 3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the nation
• Excessive alcohol use is responsible for 2.5 million years of potential life lost annually
• Up to 40% of all hospital beds in the United States (except for those being used by maternity and intensive care patients) are being used to treat health conditions that are related to alcohol consumption

What Is Drug Addiction?

Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her. Although the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary for most people, the brain changes that occur over time challenge an addicted person���s self-control and hamper his or her ability to resist intense impulses to take drugs.

幛插紮���s

Can you get addicted even though you only do it once in a while?

Yes.�� For most, addiction to alcohol and drugs is a process &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8212; not an event.�� Most people who use alcohol and drugs do so with an intention of only using once or ���once in a while.����� No one decides that they want to become addicted to alcohol and drugs.�� But, addictive drugs directly affect the brain.�� It is easy for occasional use to change to frequent use or constant use &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8212; that is addiction.�� The only thing we know for sure:�� if you don&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8217;t drink alcohol and don���t do drugs, you definitely won&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8217;t become addicted.

Why is the age of first use of alcohol so critically important?

Kids who start drinking alcohol before age 15 are 5 times more likely to develop alcohol abuse or dependence than people who first used alcohol at age 21 or older.�� A study published in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine showed that 47% of those who began drinking before age 15 experienced alcohol dependence at some point in their life, compared to 9% percent of those who began drinking at age 21 or older.

Besides alcohol, what are the most commonly abused drugs among young people?

Along with alcohol, the most commonly abused drugs among high-school students are marijuana, Vicodin, amphetamines, cough medicine, Adderall, tranquilizers, salvia, hallucinogens, OxyContin, sedatives, MDMA/ecstasy, inhalants, cocaine, and Ritalin.

*Source: NCADD

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Domestic Violence Awareness Month

Domestic Violence Awareness Month (DVAM) evolved from the &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;Day of Unity&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; held in October 1981 and was conceived by the��National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. The intent [of Domestic Violence Awareness Month] was to connect advocates across the nation who were working to end violence against women and their children. The Day of Unity soon became an entire week devoted to a range of activities conducted at the local, state, and national level. The activities conducted were as varied and diverse as the program sponsors but had common themes, including mourning those who have died because of domestic violence, celebrating those who have survived, and connecting those who work to end violence.

These three themes remain a key focus of DVAM events today. In October 1987, the first Domestic Violence Awareness Month was observed. That same year marks the initiation of the first national domestic violence toll-free hotline. In 1989, the U.S. Congress passed Public Law 101-112 designating October of that year as National Domestic Violence Awareness Month. Such legislation has passed every year since with National Coalition Against Domestic Violence providing key leadership in this effort. Each year, the Day of Unity is celebrated the first Monday of Domestic Violence Awareness Month.

���Adapted from the��1996 Domestic Violence Awareness Month Resource Manual��of the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence.

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During the month of September, 51勛圖 approaches Title IX with Bystander Intervention. Bystander intervention is an essential component in preventing sexual violence.  Additionally, YOU can encourage your peers to have conversations about effective intervention.  Address concerns, but also highlight the importance of bystanders in sexual violence prevention.

Individuals who witness a range of inappropriate behaviors may or may not take action.  Their involvement depends on encouragement and greater development from peers and also authority figures.

In regards to the bystander effect, the greater number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any one of them will help.  Factors including ambiguity, cohesiveness, and diffusion of responsibility cause the bystander effect.  What would you do?

We all know what it feels like to miss an opportunity to help someone and what it feels like to safely say something or do something that has a positive impact on someone in our lives.    Bystander intervention is often times seen as a method of preventing sexual violence because it addresses harmful behaviors before they escalate.  By addressing harmful behavior consistently, we aspire to change societal norms.

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Why Title IX?

In vocational courses in high schools, most girls could only take &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;home ec&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; (cooking, sewing), while most boys could only take &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;shop&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; (woodworking, metalworking).  Before, schools could deny women training in fields that society considered &/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8220;inappropriate&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8221; for them. Therefore, women trained primarily for low-wage, traditionally female jobs like health aides and cosmetologists.

The Title IX law passed in 1972 that requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding.  Now, schools can no longer legally shut doors to certain courses or training on the basis of sex. The law says girls must be free to pursue career training in courses like aviation, automotive repair, and architectural drafting, while boys can choose to pursue cooking, nursing, and cosmetology. It&/blog/category/title-ix/feed/8217;s about time! Career training must be by choice not by gender.  Students may learn more about these issues and become educated with facts with the Title IX resources available to them.

Title IX and Sexual Harassment

College-aged adults may experience sexual harassment or unwanted sexual behaviors.  These behaviors can range from using technology to hurt others with unsolicited or non-consensual sexual interactions, to verbal or written comments about a person���s body, to obscene gestures.  These ultimately leave the victim feeling unsafe and manipulated.  Perpetrators of sexual violence and harassment often know the victim.  In fact, 7 out of 10 do.  Yet only 3 out of 10 of those sexually assaulted come forward, mostly due to fear.

What Can CBD Do?

At 51勛圖, there are a number of resources and people to go to for support.  Always know that help is available.  Sexual harassment is against the law, and 51勛圖 has a zero tolerance policy against sex discrimination, specifically addressing harassment.  It is not tolerated.  51勛圖 follows the rules rules and procedures for reporting charges of sexual harassment.

What can YOU do?

It is important to be a good friend and look for warning signs that a peer might have been sexually harassed.  Depression, self-harming behaviors, low self-esteem, and anxiety are among some of the signs.  Falling grades and dropping out of classes remain signs particularly common among college-aged adults.

If you are being sexually harassed, it is important not to blame yourself.  Say ���No,��� clearly so the person harassing knows his/her behavior offends you.  Write down what happened exactly and report it to a Program Director or 51勛圖���s Title IX Coordinator.  As a bystander or victim of sexual violence, remember that you are not alone.  If you feel someone close to you has been sexually abused, you can talk to someone trained to help.  Call the National Sexual Assault Hotline at .  The Student Resource Center houses a multitude of other resources concerning harassment and abuse.  For more information, please see Student Affairs.

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